Subak in Indonesia, Bali resort
Rating: 8,4/10 (2309 votes)  Subak is an irrigation system for rice fields, characteristic of only one place on Earth - the island of Bali, belonging to Indonesia. The subak system has existed in Bali since the 11th century and represents not only a way of distributing water resources, but also a kind of community model that local residents have adhered to for more than nine centuries. The main crop available for cultivation in Bali is rice. which are planted on terraces - mountain slopes that are typical for the island's relief. From a technical point of view, a subak is a collection of canals, tunnels, dams, artificial waterfalls and dams connected to a source of moisture, which, as a rule, is located much higher than irrigated fields in the mountains. Ingenuity and scope, with which some of the Balinese irrigation systems are built amaze scientists to this day. For example, in some areas of the island, the length of the hand-built tunnels reached 3 km and the depth - 40 meters. Subak as a social phenomenon is nothing more than a community headed by an elected elder, on whose shoulders lies coordination of not only economic, but also social life of its inhabitants. At monthly gatherings, issues related to planting and harvesting rice are resolved, as well as some property and even domestic conflicts among families belonging to the subak are resolved. The second important person in the community is the priest of the temple. The latter is built jointly by all Subak residents and is often the largest structure in the community. The most notable events of the year, such as the release of water into rice fields, accompanied by religious rites, and the water itself is (as in many other agricultural cults) sacred. All peasants belonging to the community cultivate their plots on their own, while issues that in one way or another affect the operation of the entire irrigation system are always resolved together. It is interesting that over the long history of its existence, the subak practically did not change, in addition , there was not a single attempt to destroy it or even rebuild it. Both the Dutch, whose colonies were Indonesia for a long time, and the Japanese who occupied Bali during World War II, saw the subak as a well-thought-out, logical and profitable system that did not need to change. And in the 70s of the XX century, American scientists proved that Indonesian peasants, who, in general, do not have an economic education, have created a stable, cost-effective system. Currently, there are about 1,300 subak communities on the island of Bali, whose inhabitants cultivate more than nineteen thousand hectares of land. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Indonesian government passed a series of laws aimed at the protection and development of the subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became the eighth site in Indonesia to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.      Currently, there are about 1,300 subak communities on the island of Bali, whose inhabitants cultivate more than nineteen thousand hectares of land. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Indonesian government passed a series of laws aimed at the protection and development of the subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became the eighth site in Indonesia to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Currently, there are about 1,300 subak communities on the island of Bali, whose inhabitants cultivate more than nineteen thousand hectares of land. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Indonesian government passed a series of laws aimed at the protection and development of the subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became Indonesia's eighth site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. whose inhabitants cultivate more than nineteen thousand hectares of land. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Indonesian government passed a series of laws aimed at protecting and developing the subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became Indonesia's eighth site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. whose inhabitants cultivate more than nineteen thousand hectares of land. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Indonesian government passed a series of laws aimed at the protection and development of the subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became the eighth site in Indonesia to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. aimed at the protection and development of Subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became Indonesia's eighth site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. aimed at the protection and development of Subak. In 2012, the Subak irrigation system became Indonesia's eighth site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.We also recommend reading Friedrichsruh in Germany, Hamburg resort Topic: Subak in Indonesia, Bali resort. |
