Kronstadt tide stock description and photo - Russia - St. Petersburg: Kronstadt (Topic)

Kronstadt tide stock description and photo - Russia - St. Petersburg: Kronshtadt. Detailed information about the attraction. Description, photos and a map showing the nearest significant objects.

Photo and description

The Kronstadt tide rod was installed in Kronstadt on the abutment of the Blue Bridge in order to measure the level of the Baltic Sea. From zero, it is the Kronstadt foot gauge that measures the heights and depths, and the orbits of spacecraft throughout the vast territory of the former USSR. In the world network of level posts, the Kronstadt tide stock is one of the oldest.

The need to measure sea level has existed for a long time. The sea level was taken as zero compared to the land level for a certain observation period. Depths and heights in Western Europe are determined by the Amsterdam foot gauge, the Mediterranean sea level - by the Marseilles.

The foot service in Russia was organized by Peter I in 1707 on the island of Kotlin. The first tide stock appeared in 1703 in St. Petersburg. Sea level measurements were of great importance for the young Russian fleet, since the passage of ships along the Gulf of Finland and the mouth of the Neva, the construction of defensive structures on the island depended on sea level.

In 1825-1839, the Russian hydrographer M.F. Reinecke calculated mean sea level for several locations in the Gulf of Finland. The hydrographer noticed that at these points the footstock zeros were above average. Then he proposed to combine the zeros of the footstocks and the mean sea level. In 1840, a horizontal mark was made on the granite abutment of the Blue Bridge over the Obvodny Canal in Kronstadt, which corresponded to the average water level in the Gulf of Finland according to observations for 1825-1839. This innovation made it possible to observe the sea level from a certain zero mark.

To control the position of the tide rod zero, special benchmarks are used, which are marks on land. The main benchmark of the Kronstadt footstock is the horizontal line of the letter "P" on the monument to P.K. Pakhtusov in the word "Benefit". According to measurements for many years, the elevation of the benchmark over the zero of the Kronstadt tide stock confirmed the stability of the mark of 1840.

Mark 173 is located in Oranienbaum. It is located on the building of the Oranienbaum railway station, and leveling is also periodically carried out with it. The results of these levelings, conducted since 1880, demonstrate the relative invariability of the zero position of the foot rod in Kronstadt.

In 1871-1904 from the Kronstadt Astronomical Observatory, astronomer V.E. Foos performed the leveling connection of the zero, derived at the Kronstadt foot rod, with stamps on the mainland.

In 1886, the geodesist and astronomer F.F. Vitram at the zero point mounted a copper plate with a horizontal line in the stone, representing the zero of the Kronstadt tide stock.

In 1898, a tide gauge was installed in a wooden booth. This is a device that continuously records the water level in the well relative to the zero of the tide rod. Somewhat later, the tide gauge was moved to a small pavilion with a deep well. Mareograph records any fluctuations in the sea, including floods and ebb tides.

In 1913 H.F. Tonberg, the head of the instrumental chamber in the port of Kronstadt, installed a new plate with a horizontal mark, which is used to this day as a starting point for the entire leveling network of the Russian Federation.

Measurements of all depths and heights are made from zero of the Kronstadt tide stock. Geographic maps and space orbits are equal to the Kronstadt reference point.

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Topic: Kronstadt tide stock description and photo - Russia - St. Petersburg: Kronstadt.