Palace of the Emir of Bukhara description and photo - Crimea: Yalta (Topic)

Palace of the Emir of Bukhara description and photos - Crimea: Yalta. Detailed information about the attraction. Description, photos and a map showing the nearest significant objects.

Photo and description

The palace of the Emir of Bukhara, built in 1907-1911 by N. Tarasov's design, is located in Yalta on the territory of the Yalta sanatorium .

Seyid Abdulahad Khan (1859-1910) - the ruler of the Bukhara Emirate, a state that existed from the middle of the 18th century to 1920, occupying part of modern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. Until 1868 the state was independent, and in 1868 it became a protectorate of the Russian Empire. Now all three Central Asian countries consider themselves to be its heirs.

The Bukhara emirate was ruled by the Mantyg dynasty . These rulers have always been oriented towards Russia in their policy, exchanged embassies and maintained friendly relations. But in the middle of the 19th century, the Bukhara Emirate tried to compete with the Russian Empire for control over Central Asia: the Bukharians invaded the Fergana Valley, which already belonged to Russia, and took Kokand. Russia responded, and after several battles, the Bukhara Emirate became a protectorate of Russia. The most interesting thing is that the treaty on protectorate was drawn up and implemented, but Russia never officially certified it, fearing to spoil relations with England.

It was the father of Emir Seyid Abdulahad Khan, Muzaffar , and was the ruler who first unleashed a war with Russia, and then lost it.

Seyid Abdulahad Khan was his fifth son from his beloved Shamshat, who managed to rise from slaves to wife, thanks to her beauty and mind. After the death of his father, Seyid Abdulahad Khan became the ruler of the state with all the ceremonies laid down in the emirate. He performed a prayer in the mausoleum of Sheikh Bahauddin, who in Bukhara is revered as the second saint after Muhammad, and then was raised on a white camel mat - this is the eastern analogue of European coronation.

He became a progressive and kind ruler >: abolished torture and limited executions, developed international trade and mining of copper and iron, established orders. And he preferred to maintain good relations with Russia. He traveled a lot around the country, sent his son to study in the capital. He was an honorary member of the Muslim charitable society in St. Petersburg. In many ways, his merits contributed to the fact that the Cathedral Mosque finally appeared in the capital of Russia: he himself donated to it, and organized fundraising among the Bukhara merchants. The emir also preferred to rest in Russia - on the Sour waters of the Caucasus or in the Crimea.

History of the palace

In 1898 the emir acquires a plot of land in Yalta for the construction of a summer palace. Construction began in 1907 and was completed in 1911 . Almost simultaneously with this, Seyid Abdulahad Khan was building himself a palace in Zheleznovodsk and another one near Bukhara . He had a lot of money - only in the state bank of Russia, more than twenty million rubles were stored on his personal account, so he built luxurious housing.

Construction was entrusted to Nikolay Georgievich Tarasov , Yalta city architect. According to his designs, several elegant mansions for the nobility, the Yalta city theater, and the summer residence of the Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich in Kurpaty were built. But the most grandiose of its buildings was this palace.

The palace was built in "neo-Moorish" style , the most fashionable in Crimea in the 19th-20th centuries. This style is guided by classical Spanish patterns: oriental ornaments, characteristic forms of arched windows and columns, domes, courtyards with fountains ... This is the style of the Yusupov Palace in Koreiz, and much earlier - the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka.

Seyid Abdulahad Khan's palace is a classic example of style. It is built of “ Kerch stone ”- local porous golden shell rock and decorated with rich carvings, numerous porticos, columns, balconies and balustrades. The interior decoration of the palace, unfortunately, is almost not preserved, but most likely, it was the richest - to match the external. A park was laid out in front of the palace.

The emir himself did not have time to see the palace in all its glory, although he called it " Dilkiso " - "captivating." He rested in Yalta in another place - on the slope of Mount Mogabi not far from the Uchan-Su waterfall. Here N. Tarasov built another small two-story palace pavilion in 1905-1909. Now it houses the main building of the sanatorium "Uzbekistan".

The emir donated a lot for the improvement of his beloved city, built a hospital for the poor here (and named it Alekseevskaya, in honor of the young Tsarevich) and a women's gymnasium. Became an honorary citizen of Yalta . According to contemporaries, the khan was friends with Count Felix Yusupov , the father of the future murderer of Rasputin, and the owner of another grandiose Moorish palace in Koreiz.

In 1910, Seyid Abdulahad Khan dies and leaves all his possessions to the heir - Seid Alim Khan . The heir visited Yalta in his youth, studied in St. Petersburg, knew languages well. He served in the Russian army, in the Tersk Cossack army - and rose to the rank of major general. Having become the main emirate, he continued the traditions of his father: with the first decree he tried to limit corruption among Bukhara officials. Seyid Alim Khan forbade them to take bribes and use the state treasury for personal purposes.

Several times before 1917 he managed to come to his Yalta palace, but in 1917 he was forced to flee the country and died in exile. The fate of his descendants is tragic: he was able to take almost his entire family to Afghanistan, except for his three younger sons. At first they wanted to shoot the children, but nevertheless they kept them alive and took them to Moscow. The former emir negotiated with the authorities for a long time, trying to get them to be released to him, but permission was never received. Two of his sons were repressed in the thirties, and one survived safely until the eighties, taught at the Kuibyshev Military Academy, only carefully concealing his origin even from his relatives ..

Oriental Museum

After the revolution, the palace, of course, was nationalized. On March 25, 1921, the so-called Oriental Museum was opened here . The poet Maximilian Voloshin stands at the origins of the museum - it was he who was authorized to collect and nationalize cultural values in Crimea. M. Voloshin contributed to the opening of a rich exposition here.

The basis of the collection, in addition to antiquities from the palace itself, was the collection of the Crimean-Caucasian Mountain Club . A collection of various weapons, which was collected by the State Chancellor A. Gorchakov , the same one who once studied at the Lyceum with A. Pushkin. Two thousand archaeological objects were nationalized from the estate Ay-Todor - it was a personal collection led. Prince Alexander Mikhailovich.

A huge number of valuables in 1921 were exported from the Crimea abroad, and quite officially: there were special expert commissions that collected and sold valuables. But everything that remained in Russia was taken to this museum. It had four departments - Bukhara, Persian, Arab and Crimean Tatar. The richest collections of oriental carpets and weapons occupied special places. The Oriental Museum was housed in the building until the Great Patriotic War. Valuables from the Crimean palaces continued to flow here - for example, in 1925 things from the Yusupov Palace moved. The museum organized expeditions to Crimean villages in search of new ethnographic and folklore materials, collected handwritten Arabic books.

In 1927, a terrible earthquake happened in Crimea The walls of the palace cracked, furnaces cracked, many fragile exhibits were broken: porcelain vases, screens, glass cabinet doors, knick-knacks, decorative lanterns. Persian and Bukhara carpets had to be cleaned of plaster. In total, over eleven thousand rubles were spent on repairs.

But another Yalta museum (folk art) suffered even more, did not open for a long time, and part of its collections got here: Anatolian and Japanese collections. After renovation, new halls were opened in the Oriental Museum. And part of the collection of carpets, on the contrary, was sold abroad in 1932.

By the mid-thirties it turned out that it was impossible to just do science in the Soviet state. The Turkic scholar Yakub Kemal , who was the director of the museum for many years, accused of bourgeois nationalism and conducting subversive counter-revolutionary work. As a former member of the Kurultai (that is, a representative of the nobility and separatist) he was dismissed from his post. On July 10, 1934, Yakub Kemal was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison. He died in prison in 1939.

Before the war, due to the threat of occupation, part of the museum collection was taken to Uralsk . In the very first months of the war, the museum with the remaining exhibits burned down - it was set on fire so as not to give it to the Germans. As a result, some of the things were preserved by the museum staff, some - for example, a collection of Japanese vases and oriental carpets - still went to the invaders. The Germans took out some things, and some were simply destroyed.

After the war, the ruined museum could not restore its work. The remains of the exhibits went to other museums, and here a Black Sea Fleet sanatorium was opened.

As part of the sanatorium

Nowadays this territory is occupied by a military sanatorium Yalta . The Emir's palace is now considered "Building number 8". It houses the sanatorium's library, aromatherapy rooms and service rooms. Stucco molding, ceiling paintings, parquet in several rooms have been preserved from the original decoration. Visitors to the sanatorium have access to a balcony overlooking the city.

Entrance to the sanatorium and inside the building is limited.

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Topic: Palace of the Emir of Bukhara description and photo - Crimea: Yalta.